#CultureProblems Critique

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Caitlin & Renate

Critique

The thesis "During the 1920's a gap in society was created by the new modernist viewpoint" was very clear, concise, and debateable, and also was well defended by examples in the society, politics, and economy of the 20's. The economic boost that the radio created opened the doorway for new influences in music and broadcasting. This craze brought out the "Flappers" with era defining clothing, dancing, lingo, etc. Also, the politics of America have been changed. No longer can schools force the learning of Creation upon its students with the Ruling of the John Scopes Trial. Although the fundamentalist obtained prohibition, truely they didnt accomplish much with bootlegging becoming very common and government officials being paid off. The 1920's pushed the old fundamentalist thinking out in evry aspect of the American society creating a social revolution. This revolution occurs often with the changing of generations.

Connection

"The Fab Five" the Michigan staring lineup of the 1991 consisted of Chris Webber, Jalen Rose, Juwan Howard, Jimmy King, and Ray Jackson. These players revolutionized the Basketball/Athletic world known today. The Traditional short-shorts warn by the majority of the college and professional Basketball teams came to an end when these five men stepped onto the court wearing long, knee-length shorts. Along with the Hip-hop style they brought to the game, they also brought something usually not recognized. Black Crew Socks were once thought of as "old man socks" that the retired basketball community wore. When worn on the court along with their baggy shorts, the Fab Five created a new style for athletes in the U.S. Today on the court these two uniform assets are rarley not seen.

Muckrackers in the Progressive Era

Muckrakers

Popular magazine writers that exposed the corruption and scandal that the public loved to hate in the 1900's.

"The Shame of the Cities"

The Shame of the Cities was a work published in 1904 by Lincoln Steffens that sought to expose public corruption in many major cities throughout the United States. The work consists of articles written for the magazine McClure's in one collection. His goal was to provoke public outcry and thus promote reform. It showed the suffering and hardships of those who immigrated to America.

"The Treason of the Senate"

The Treason of the Senate was a series of articles in Cosomoplitan magazine by David Graham Phillips in 1906. Phillips exposed the corruption of the United States Senate, particularly the corporate magnate-turned-Senator Nelson Aldrich from Rhode Island. During the composition of the articles Phillips received help from newspaper baron William Randolph Hearst, who then desired to publish sensationalist stories to attract more readership of his publications.

"The Bitter Cry of Children"

The Bitter Cry of Children is a book by socialist writer John Spargo. Published in 1906, it is an expose of the horrific working conditions of child laborers.

Essential Question

What does it mean to have power? For these Muckrackers power was in the press. As much info and "dirt" they could bring up on any particular person allowed them to influence societies views. Much of their power to do so led to reforms in industry and helped the working class of america.

Connection

Previous Area of Study
The  during pre-revolution times, Radical Whigs were a group of British political commentators who feared the British monarchy and Parliment was posing a threat on their liberty. They warned the people of the colonies of corruption. Through the use of press they were able to gain power against the British much like the working class of America was able to gain power to obtain regulations and standards to make working conditions better.
Contemporary Topic
Julian Assange has brought muckraking into the 21st century. His creation of the website Wikileaks allows people to share classified documents under his editorship. Assange himself has uncovered secrets of the Church of Scientology and the wars in Iraq and Afgahnistan. With his skills in muckraking he has been able to expose the truth on important topics that have changed the way people think.

What if these brave men and women never exposed the truth? Would industry be diffrent today?

Labor Unions

 

 

As smoke stacks rose and silos died, the ne Industrial revolution was changing America. Although, the standard of living had rose sharply , and well fed american workers enjoyed more physical comforts, the hard working men and women of America strived for more.

 

 

National Labor Union

Organized in 1866 as one of the first national-scale unions. They aimed to unify workers across locales and trades challenge their bosses. The NLU included skilled, unskilled, and farmers in is 600,000 members. the National Labor Union agitates the arbitration of industrial disputes anf the eight-hour workday. The depression of the 1870's knocked back labor including wage reductions which touched off strikes on the railroads.

 

 

Knights of Labor

A new organization that picked up where the National Labor Union left off. Began as a secret society, with private rituals, passwords, and handshakes in 1869. The Knights included skilled and unskilled workers but barred liquor dealers, proffesional gamblers, lawyers, bankers, and stockbrokers. Known infamously for the bombing at Haymarket Square. As Chicago police advanced on a protest against alleged brutalities by the aouthorities, a dynamite bomb was thrown killing and injuring many. Forever known as anarchists.

 

American Federation of Labor

The American Federation of Labor was founded in 1886 and was led by Samuel Gompers. The federation consisted of an association of self-governing national unions, each of which kept its own independence. It sought for better wages, hours, and working conditions. The federation's main weapons were the walkout and the boycott. The greatest weakness of organized labor was that it still embraced only a small minority of all working people.

Connections

The use of unions is still strong today. The activity of includes collective bargaining over wages, benefits, and working conditions. The two major unions in America are the AFL-CIO and the Change to Win Federation. These unions are much like the labor unions in the past by lobbying for its people and the tactics of stikes and protests.

The main weapon used by labor unions are strikes and protests. This was much like the Boston Tea Party. The Sons of Liberty in the British coloney of Massachusetts dumped the tea imports from the East India company in the Boston Harbor. This was a huge protest against British authority. This protest was sparked by the idea of "No taxation without representation"

Essential Question

What responsibility does the government or the "wealthy" have to care for the poor?

The government and the wealthy have little to none responsibility for the poor. The use of labor unions is a good example of a legal and responsible way for the poor to come together and fight for themselves.

Evaluation

The use of labor unions was a succesful way for the "poor" to gain in society and the economy. The AFL using protests, stikes, and boycotts succeeded in gaining rights for the members of its union and better working conditions, wages, and hours for the workers in america.

What if the labor unions had not succeeded in gaining better wages, hours, and working conditions for its members? How would the industrial workers of today be affected?

 

Education

Overview

Traditional one room school house

Horace Mann

     A tax-supported primary school was unheard of during these times. Many saw this as a threat to the nation. An uneducated vote was a dangerouse vote. The idea of a tax funded education system wasn't popular amongst the southern states that based their economy and lifestyles around agriculture. The famed free schools, with their one room, one teacher and often eight different grades became the norm of the education system. With poor trained and poor tempered male teachers, school was often focused more on punishment than education. The curriculum was poor, usually focusing on reading, writing, and arithmetic. Change was overly needed. Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, Horace Mann, campaigned for better school houses, longer school terms, higher paid teachers, and an expanded curriculum. Although this influence many states, education remained an expensive luxury. Blacks were forbidden to recieve instruction in reading and writing, even if they were free. The first glimpse of aid in education was improved text books by Noah Webster. Webster was seen as the "Schoolmaster of the Republic" and his dictionary helped standardize American language. Higher Education started to grow. The first state-supported universities popped up in the south like the University of Virginia which was largely founded by Thomas Jefferson. Education for women was looked down upon in this society. Woman were to be the homemaker not college students. Emma Willard established the troy female seminary in 1821 opening the doorway for other schools to start excepting female and male students. Soon many more schools would follow in the footsteps of Willard. Adults who looked for more knowledge looked to private subscription libraries or tax-supported ibraries. The lyceum lecture association gave traveling lectures on the platforms of science literature, and moral philosophy. 

Essential Question

Describe the cause for the most important American reform movements of the period identifying which were the most successful and why?

     The education reform was the most important because without a well educated population a country ablsoutley can not advance and compete against other nations. This reform first started on the idea that "An uneducated vote is a dangerous vote". This showed that many people in our country did not want unthought out votes going to someone that wasnt the right man for our country. With this sparked the idea to better the grade schools with nicer houses, longer terms, higher paid teachers, and a better curriculum. Soon these ideas caught on in higher education and women joined in on the cause. This reform was very successful in bettering our education not only for the men in our society but also the women who traditionally never recieved much education. America was becoming a Knowledge power house.

Connection

Recently Michelle Obama created a school lunch program to bring healthier options and smaller portion sizes to the kids of america. This was used to fight childhood obesity. This reform on the public schools lunch system relates to the education reform by trying to better america by starting at the bottom of the pyramid. If you start out by helping the kids, as they grow older they will be better fit or educated adults. Also with colleges doing so with each reform, the older students are also benefiting from this. Each were a reform to better the education system. One directly to the education the other to feeding these educated people.
 

 

 

 

 

 



 



Radical Whigs and Republicans

Radical Whigs

               -A group of British polotical commentators who feared the British monarchy and Parliment because it posed a threat to Liberty. They warned against the "corruption of the monarchy.

• Writings were widely read by the american colonists
• Many readers convinced should be watchful for any threats on their libeties.
• Swayed colonists against Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Tea Act, and taxation

 (The Broadcasters to the colonies, make them irritated with the British Parliment)  

Republicans

• Believed in a society as one where all citizens willingly subordinated their private, selfish, interests to the common good
• opposed hierachical and authoritarian institutions, aristocracy and monarchy

(The Action Men/listeners to the Whig party)

Together

• Predisposed American colonists to be on hair-trigger alert against any threats to their rights
• Orginization of the Sons/Daughters of Liberty
• Responsable for Tea Party and Tar and Feathering of Gov. officials

(WARNING video a bit graphic)

 

Colonial South Carolina

Colonial South Carolina

Foundings

• First English settlement in 1670 by William Sayle
• Built a town which has since wholly dissapeared
• 1671 Sir John Yeamans brings around 200 slaves into SC 
• Quickens progression of colony
• 10 years after first settlers arrived, Charleston, SC founded between Ashley and Cooper rivers.
• Named after Charles I of England

Agriculture (Major Industry)

• Indigo



Charleston Bay Area




• Rice (Main Crop, used specialized african slaves to plant and harvest)
• Tabacco
• Cotton
• Cattle

 

 Why go to South Carolina

• Charles the II grants land to eight of his most loyal supporters
• Investments made in land
• Great agricultural land